The Crazyflie client has a quite long history, like a lot of things in the Crazyflie ecosystem it has been started when the Crazyflie was used alone using mainly manual control. It has evolved to follow new use-cases of the Crazyflie but it still has traces of its origins and some limitation are still there with us. Moreover, the Crazyflie client and lib are written in python, one the main goal was to make it easily cross-platform. Unfortunately making a cross platform graphical program that accesses hardware in Python has proven to be quite challenging and we feel Python is not the way to go anymore. In this blog post we would like to discuss a bit the current state of the Client and what we are looking at for the future.

The Crazyflie client was originally design to be able to fly, inspect and work with one Crazyflie. It still serves this purpose quite well: with the client you can connect your Crazyflie, observe graphs of internal log values in real time, setup different decks and sets and store parameters. It is a very good tool to explore and work with the Crazyflie.

However, it is only working with one Crazyflie at a time will take over the radio, so another script cannot talk to the Crazyflie at the same time using the radio. Unless the script uses the ZMQ API that allows an external program to control client and so to control the Crazyflie while the client is connected and active. This functionality can be very useful but, since it is disabled by default, has not seen a lot of use.

The worst, for us, in the current client state is Python and PyQT distribution situation: we used to have an easy-to-use installer on windows, a Linux Snap package and plan for a Mac App. All these have been pretty much abandoned because they kept breaking down over time and the support weight for us was too big. So the only way to install the client is via Pip, the python package manager. This means that you already need a well setup Python environment to run the client. That is nice unless you have a Mac or a Raspberry pi: the latest MacOS broke part of the client that prevents it to run and there is no PyQT build for raspberry-pi available on PyPi. This is the kind of paper-cut that keeps happening at regular interval with distributing a Python application and that we keep having to look at.

So, we have been looking at ways to improve the situation. The Crazyflie client is more than 10 years old now, so a rewrite would not be such a crazy thing to consider. There are at least 2 angle of attack to make a new client better suited for the next 10 years of Crazyflie development:

Multi-platform and distribution

Making a multi-platform program is and will always be challenging. However, we have discovered that doing it in a dynamic interpreted language like python is even more so. The main challenge come from the fact that things tend to break on the user side depending of the user configuration: we all run a slightly different version of python, python evolve and package management evolves as well, so when things break it breaks at random depending of how up-to-date a particular system.

One solution would then be to switch to a compiled programming language. This increases the probability of finding problem at compile time and not at runtime, which means that we will hopefully be the first to know then Apple decided to change the location of one fundamental piece of library and so allow us to hopefully fix the problem before any user is impacted (assuming we can run CI on the latest version of MacOS early enough…).

So, as you might have guessed, our current idea is to write the client in Rust. We are currently looking at Tauri for the UI which is Web based. We still have ideas of also making a web-client so having a web-based IU on PC would simplify development of that.

We are not letting Python go away though, the idea is still to support Python, but to use it for what it is good at: a great language for developer and experimentation. Rust has great bindings to python so in this plan, the python lib is backed by the Rust lib.

Modularity

The other side of the current client limitation is the fact that it connects one Crazyflie taking over the radio. We actually love using the client to observe and poke the state of a Crazyflie so it would be really great to use it when writing a script or controlling a swarm with Crazyswarm. The current ZMQ implementation was designed to solve this issue, but it goes at it the wrong way around: the client becomes the gateway to the Crazyflie and must always be ON. It would be much nicer to be able to launch the client to connect and inspect a Crazyflie currently control by a script.

One design we are currently looking at would be to use use a protocol like Zenoh between the client and the lib. Basically, when connecting a Crazyflie, be it from a script or from the client, a server would be launched in the background that would handle the connection. All communication would pass through this server and so multiple programs would be able to communicate simultaneously with the Crazyflie.

This would allow us to build easily bridges to ROS to get the client to communicate with a Crazyflie currently connected in ROS. And since ROS2 is working on supporting Zenoh officially a bridge might not even be required.

As an added bonus, the Crazyflie server idea would greatly improve the situation when it comes to supporting Virtual Machines and WSL on Windows: it would move the USB connection handling to a Windows program and only require fast network connections which is something that works really well on WSL or VMs.

Conclusion

In this blog post I have tried to describe our current challenges and some way forward we see. The main message though is that we want to change things when it comes to the client, if you have wishes or ideas now is a good time to get in touch. Let’s make the next 10 years of Crazyflie client problem-free.